string(14) "slug is zambia" Zambia - Country Profile - African Landlocked Countries Research Centre
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Zambia

Capital: Lusaka

Population

~20 million (2025 estimate)

Area

752,612 km²

GDP

$28-29 billion (2024)

Bordering Countries

8

Overview

Southern Africa, landlocked; bordered by Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe

Zambia is a landlocked Southern African country with vast copper wealth. It serves as a strategic trade crossroads but faces challenges from commodity dependence, high debt, and infrastructure limitations.

Bordering Countries: Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Zimbabwe

Economic Profile

Primary Exports

Copper (raw and refined), gold, precious stones, electricity, sugar, tobacco

Key Industries

Mining (especially copper), agriculture, construction, manufacturing, services

Main Trade Partners

Switzerland, China, United Arab Emirates, Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa

Economic Challenges

Dependence on copper exports, fluctuating commodity prices, high debt burdens, limited port access

Trade & Transit Infrastructure

Main Transit Corridors

North-South Corridor, Dar es Salaam Corridor (TAZARA), Beira Corridor, Walvis Bay Corridor, Central Corridor

Key Border Crossing Points

Chirundu (Zimbabwe), Kasumbalesa (DRC), Nakonde/Tunduma (Tanzania), Kazungula (Botswana), Katima Mulilo (Namibia), Mwami (Malawi)

Port Access

Ports in Tanzania, Mozambique, South Africa, Namibia

Transport Infrastructure Quality

Ongoing upgrades to roads, railways, border posts

Trade & Transit Challenges

High transport costs, border congestion, infrastructure gaps, climate shocks

Key Statistics & Indicators

Average Border Waiting Time: 6-24 hours (varies by post)
Trade Cost to Port: $2,200-$2,800 per container
Logistics Performance Index: 2.51 (out of 5, 2023)
Regional Trade Share: ~30% of total exports
Human Development Index: 0.586 (2025 estimate)

National Trade & Development Strategies

Vision 2030, AfCFTA implementation, Transport Master Plan, climate adaptation

Ongoing and Planned Projects

Nakonde/Tunduma OSBP Upgrade, Mpulungu Port Modernization, Central Corridor integration, road and rail rehabilitation